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San Francisco
Modern Architecture and Landscape Design 1935-1970
Historic Context Statement
HERE
The mid-1930s witnessed a confluence of events significant to the development of Modern architecture in San Francisco. In January 1935, Architect & Engineer published a photo spread of the first Modern residential building constructed in San Francisco – the Cowell House designed by architects Morrow & Morrow in 1933. Pioneering International Style architect Richard Neutra designed the first of five buildings in San Francisco in 1935. The Golden Gate and Bay Bridges were nearing completion, opening up downtown San Francisco and solidifying its role as the region’s financial, corporate and industrial center. The Federal Housing Administration’s “Modernize Main Street” campaign was in full swing in San Francisco, spurring construction of Streamline Moderne commercial storefronts. By 1937, master builder Henry Doelger had introduced Streamline Moderne styles in his residential tract developments.
By the late 1960s, Modernism had largely peaked in San Francisco, although some sub-styles, such as the Third Bay Tradition, were just emerging. During the 1960s, Modern architects and landscape architects designed iconic skyscrapers, urban landscapes, and master-planned developments such as Diamond Heights. However, a growing backlash to the perceived sterility of Modern design and concerns about the energy inefficiencies of Downtown’s glass-clad buildings dampened public enthusiasm for Modern architecture.
The era’s final dramatic Modern design – the Transamerica Pyramid – marks the end of the exuberance and innovation that characterized San Francisco’s Modern Age.
With approximately 51,000 buildings constructed between 1935 and 1970, more than a third of San Francisco’s total building stock and 97 percent of which were residential, the report is well worth a read even if you’re not an architecture or design buff.
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